Somalia's new frontline
Jeremy Sare
Britain is
leaving once-stable Somaliland to the mercy of al-Shabaab Islamist
militants
The co-ordinated suicide bomb attacks in Somaliland's capital
Hargeisa two weeks ago shattered more than a decade of stability.
Yet the despite the continuing threat hanging over this former
British protectorate, the British government will not act to
properly protect the fledgling democracy.
Since tearing itself from a bloody union with the violent southern
half of Somalia, Somaliland to the north has been an oasis of
democratic hope in a turbulent region (about 8,000 people are
estimated to have been killed in southern Somalia in the last 18
months). The car bombings, which killed about 30 people (including
two UN officials), served as a bitter reminder to the Somalilanders,
if one were needed, of their proximity to the pit of spiralling
violence and their own vulnerability of sliding back into it. There
were also lethal explosions in the semi-autonomous regime of
Puntland.
The international community is watching passively as the terror and
violence erupt again. There is no shortage of international
condemnation for the attacks, including from the minister for
Africa, Lord Malloch-Brown, but no real practical help is being
offered. As the former colonial power, Britain has a particular
responsibility to the 3.5 million Somalilanders. "We need two levels
of support," says Abdi Karim, head of Wales Somaliland Communities
Link. "First, capacity-building and training of police and security
services. Second, humanitarian support for the hospitals, if there
are further attacks".
Somaliland does not qualify for specific aid and development, let
alone additional security support, because it is not recognised as
sovereign by the UN. It has been effectively an independent country
since 1991, but without diplomatic recognition there can be no
support programme; the result is extreme poverty and a chronic lack
of defence infrastructure. Michael Walls of Somaliland Focus (UK)
blames "a lack of willingness on the part of many international
actors to sufficiently recognise… both state and civil society
remain enormously under-resourced".
The bombings in Somaliland were most likely a concerted effort to
curtail the country's third presidential election to be held next
March; voter registration has ceased in the ensuing security
clampdown.
There is a strong suspicion across the region the group responsible
for the atrocities was al-Shabaab an extreme Islamist militia which
now effectively controls the southern Somali port of Kismayo and
parts of the capital, Mogadishu. They practice an extreme form of
sharia law and have now turned their spiteful gaze to the harmonious
north.
They announced their murderous intent in 2006 when one of the
leaders of the Islamic Courts Union, Sheikh Dahir Aweys, promised
publicly "to send 30 young martyrs to carry out explosions and
killing of the Jewish and American collaborators in the northern
regions".
Al-Shabaab is considered by many governments to be, at least
ideologically, if not materially linked to al-Qaida. Since they
overran Kismayo in August, al-Shabaab leaders have restored order.
But then began the wholesale violent suppression of the people,
particularly women, under their perverse interpretation of Islamic
law.
To gauge the degree of fundamentalism within al-Shabaab, you need
look no further than the stoning to death of 13-year old girl a few
days ago in Kismayo.
The circumstances of Asha Ibrahim Dhuhulow's killing could hardly be
more brutal. She was first raped by three men but was condemned as
"an adulterer" by Al-Shabaab leaders. An anonymous eyewitness told
the BBC she was dragged to a stadium weeping. She was buried up to
her neck before 50 men stoned her in front of a 1,000 strong crowd.
The international community seems resigned to this institutionalised
barbarism and routine human rights abuses in Somalia.
But there has been some hint from the British government they would
like to help Somaliland but are held back by the "technicality' of
not having recognised sovereignty - notably by, chair of the
All-Party Group for Somaliland Alun Michael MP, Britain's support
would risk offending the sensibilities of Italy and a couple of
African Union countries which oppose their independence.
But the counter-argument to an independent Somaliland can be
captured in one word: "Somaliweyn'. In essence it means a call for a
Greater Somalia by uniting all the Somali peoples who currently live
in southern Somalia, Somaliland, Djibouti, eastern Ethiopia and the
north-eastern province of Kenya.
Somaliweyn is nothing more than chauvinistic patriotism which defies
long-established international boundaries and flies in the face of
political reality. Reports from Hargeisa in recent days describe a
tense city still in shock and fearful of the next strike from al-Shabaab.
It is time Britain acted to offer effective security support and
intelligence to Somaliland.
Source:guardian.co.uk
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